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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(2): 249-253, feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961384

ABSTRACT

Few cases of bacteremic pneumonia by Neisseria meningitidis (NM) have been described worldwide; mostly in elderly patients or those with comorbidities. They appear clinically indistinguishable from other acute infectious pneumoniae, that do not develope the syndrome of meningococcemia. We report a 17-years-old male, without prior medical history, consulting in the emergency department with a 7-day history of productive cough, right pleural pain, fever and dyspnea. He was admitted to the ICU due to septic shock and respiratory distress. He was managed with vasoactive drugs and prone positioning ventilation for 48 hours. Chest radiography showed a right superior lobe condensation. The electrocardiogram and echocardiogram suggested septic myocarditis. Blood cultures demonstrated the presence of serogroup W135-NM. A lumbar puncture ruled out meningitis, and a 10-day ceftriaxone therapy was completed favorably.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology , Neisseria meningitidis/isolation & purification , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Chile , Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
2.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 30(4): 417-425, ago. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690530

ABSTRACT

Background: Listeria monocytogenes infections have been poorly characterized in Chile. ^4im: To evaluate clinical manifestations and risk factors associated to a fatal outcome in a series of patients. Methods: retrospective analysis of cases from 1991 to 2012. Results: Twenty three cases were identified, including 2 diagnosed after prolonged hospitalization (8.7%) with an average age of 68.4 years (range 44-90). Known predisposing factors were age > 65 years (60.9%), diabetes mellitus (40.9%), and immunosuppression (27.3%). Most cases presented after 2003 (70%). No cases associated with neonates, pregnancy or HIV infections were recorded. Patients presented with central nervous system (CNS) infection (39%), including 8 cases of meningitis and one of rhomboencephalitis; bacteremia (43.5%), including one case with endocarditis; abscesses (8.7%); and other infections (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and pneumonia; 8.7%). Risky food consumption was found in 80% of those asked about it. Predominant clinical manifestations were fever (90.9%), and confusion (63.6%). CNS infections were associated to headache (OR 21, p < 0.05), nausea and vomiting (OR 50, p < 0.01). Only 45.5% received initial appropriate empirical therapy and 36.4% a synergistic combination. Eight patients died (34.8%), this outcome was associated to bacteremia (OR 8.25; IC95 1.2-59 p < 0.05). Conclusions: L. monocytogenes infections appear to be increasing in Chile, causing infections in different sites, attacking vulnerable patients, and have a high case-fatality ratio, especially among those with bacteremia.


Introducción: Las infecciones por Listeria monocytogenes representan una zoonosis con escasa caracterización clínica en Chile. Objetivo: Analizar manifestaciones clínicas y factores de riesgo asociados a desenlace fatal. Pacientes yMétodos: Estudio retrospectivo de casos desde 1991 a 2012. Resultados: Se identificaron 23 casos, dos de ellos de aparición nosocomial (8,7%). La edad promedio fue 68,4 años (rango 44-90). El 70% de los casos ha ocurrido desde el año 2003. Los factores predisponentes más frecuentes fueron edad > 65 años (60,9%), diabetes mellitus (40,9%) e inmunosupresión (27,3%). No se encontraron casos asociados a embarazo, infección por VIH o neonatos. La presentación clínica correspondió a infección del SNC (39%,) con ocho casos de meningitis y uno de romboencefalitis (5%); bacteriemias (43,5%) con un caso de endocarditis infecciosa; abscesos (8,7%) y un caso de neumonía y de peritonitis bacteriana espontánea (8,7%). El consumo de alimentos de riesgo fue buscado en cinco pacientes y confirmado en cuatro (80%). Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron fiebre (90,9%) y compromiso de conciencia (63,6%). La presencia de cefalea (OR 21 p < 0,05), o náuseas y/o vómitos (OR 50 p < 0,01) se asociaron en forma significativa a infección del SNC. Sólo 45,5% recibió una terapia antimicrobiana empírica inicial adecuada y 36,4% un esquema sinérgico. Ocho pacientes fallecieron (34,8%), desenlace que estuvo asociado a bacteriemia (OR 8,25; IC95 1,2-59 p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Las infecciones por L. monocytogenes parecen estar aumentando lentamente en Chile, producen infecciones en diferentes parénquimas, afectan a pacientes vulnerables, y tienen una alta letalidad, especialmente en el subgrupo con bacteriemia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Listeria monocytogenes , Listeriosis , Cause of Death , Immunocompromised Host , Listeriosis/complications , Listeriosis/drug therapy , Listeriosis/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Seasons
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 30(1): 65-73, feb. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665583

ABSTRACT

Background: Some aspects of bacteremic cholangitis are unknown in Chile. Aim: To gather more information on clinical, microbiological aspects as well as risk factors for ICU admission, recurrence and antimicrobial resistance. Material and Methods: A retrospective research was performed using medical records of adult patients in a general hospital. Results: Between 2006-2012, 22 patients with 29 bacteremic events were identified. Previous cholangitis events were reported by 27.3%, 45.5% had recent admissions and, 50% had used antimicrobial compounds. Coledocholithiasis was the most common cause of obstruction (45.5%) followed by cancer (36.4%). One third developed shock (31%), the only factor associated with ICU admission (OR 30, p < 0.05). In 24 of the 29 bacteremic events, the biliary tract was intervened (82.8%) and in 80.8% during the first 72 hours. Gram negative bacilli were predominant (> 80%) and some infrequent agents such as Staphylococcus warneri, Shewanella spp. and, Aeromonas spp. were observed. Among enteric gram negative bacilli, 29.2% presented fluoroquinolone resistance and, 26.1% resistance to third generation cephalosporins, both associated with previous endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (OR 35 and 16.5, respectively p < 0.05). A favorable response was observed in 93.1% of bacte-remic events but in 31.8% of patients cholangitis recurred with or without bacteremia. Recurrence was associated to recent admission (OR 16.5, p = 0.01) and in all cases occurred before 81 days. In-hospital mortality was 9.1% (n = 2), but in only one case associated to sepsis. Average length of stay (LOS) was 17.8 days. Conclusions: Early intervention of the biliary tract allows a favorable response in patients affected by bacteremic cholangitis, but this condition use intensive care resources, had a prolonged LOS, a recurrent pattern, and is associated with several bacterial species, some of them resistant.


Introducción: La información sobre los cuadros de colangitis aguda bacteriémica es fragmentaria en Chile. Objetivo: Analizar las características clínicas, evolución, microbiología y factores de riesgo asociados a ingreso a UCI, recurrencia y resistencia antimicrobiana. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo con adultos atendidos entre el 2006 y el 2012 en un hospital general. Resultados: Se identificaron 22 pacientes con 29 episodios de bacteriemia. Un 27,3% tenía historia previa de colangitis aguda, 45,5% de hospitalizaciones en los últimos tres meses y 50% recibió previamente antimicrobianos. La coledocolitiasis fue la causa más frecuente de obstrucción (45,5%) y las neoplasias ocuparon el segundo lugar (36,4%). El 31% desarrolló shock hemodinámico y fue el factor determinante para ingresar a la UCI (OR 30, p < 0,01) En 24 de los 29 eventos de colangitis bacteriémica se efectuaron intervenciones sobre la vía biliar (VB) o complicaciones asociadas (82,8%), las que se realizaron predominantemente en las primeras 72 h de hospitalización (80,8%). Las especies bacterianas mayoritarias fueron bacilos gramnegativos entéricos o no fermentadores (> 80% del total) y se observaron agentes inusuales como Staphylococcus warneri, Shewanella spp y Aeromonas spp. Entre los bacilos gramnegativos entéricos, 29,2% presentó resistencia a fluoroquinolonas y 26,1 % a cefalosporinas de tercera generación, fenómenos asociados al antecedente de colangiografía endoscópica retrógrada (OR 35 y 16,5 respectivamente, p < 0,05). El 93,1% de los eventos de bacteriemia tuvo una respuesta favorable pero 31,8% de los pacientes presentó recu-rrencia de colangitis, con o sin bacteriemia, un hecho asociado a hospitalización reciente (OR 16,5, p = 0,01) y que se dio en todos los casos antes de 81 días. Dos pacientes con cáncer fallecieron en la misma hospitalización (9,1%), aunque uno solo de ellos en forma atribuible a la infección. La estadía hospitalaria promedio fue de 17,8 días. Conclusiones: Con la intervención precoz sobre la VB, los cuadros de colangitis bacteriémica han logrado una baja letalidad pero usan recursos intensivos, tienen una estadía prolongada, un patrón recurrente, pueden estar asociados a cáncer y a una diversidad de agentes bacterianos, algunos de ellos resistentes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bacteremia/microbiology , Cholangitis/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Bacteremia/mortality , Chile , Cholangitis/drug therapy , Cholangitis/mortality , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/mortality , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/mortality , Hospitals, General , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Survival Analysis
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